{"id":236,"date":"2021-03-31T08:58:25","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T08:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zekikaan.yuksekbilgili.com\/?p=236"},"modified":"2021-06-23T10:45:06","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T10:45:06","slug":"mousenin-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zekikaan.yuksekbilgili.com\/?p=236","title":{"rendered":"mousun hikayesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilgisayarlarda\u00a0fare<\/strong>\u00a0(ya da \u0130ngilizce ad\u0131yla\u00a0mouse<\/strong>), bir y\u00fczey \u00fczerindeki iki boyutlu hareketi alg\u0131layabilen bir g\u00f6sterme ayg\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hareket, genellikle farenin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilgisayar \u00fczerindeki bir g\u00f6stergenin hareket ettirilmesi sayesinde ekrana yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve bu da, g\u00f6rsel kullan\u0131c\u0131 arabirimi \u00fczerinde daha keskin kontrollerin yap\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flar.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fiziksel bir nesne olarak bilgisayar faresi, el ile kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve modeline g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte \u00fczerinde bir ya da daha fazla say\u0131da d\u00fc\u011fme bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Fareler, d\u00fc\u011fmelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dokunmatik y\u00fczeyler ya da tekerlekler gibi di\u011fer elementleri de \u00fczerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu elementler, fare arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile daha fazla kontrol\u00fcn yap\u0131labilmesine olanak sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilgisayar farelerine “fare” isminin verildi\u011fini belgeleyen ilk yay\u0131n, Bill English’in 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Bilgisayar Destekli G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Kontrol\u00fc” isimli makalesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fare benzeri bir g\u00f6sterme ayg\u0131t\u0131 olan ve \u0130ngilizce’de trackball olarak bilinen iztopu ya da imle\u00e7 denetim topu, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ralph Benjamin taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir. Benjamin’in icat etti\u011fi bu g\u00f6sterme ayg\u0131t\u0131, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda nokta at\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesine olanak sa\u011flayan Geli\u015fmi\u015f G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Sistemi (Comprehensive Display System – CDS) \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benjamin daha sonra \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Deniz Kuvvetleri’nin Bilimsel Hizmetler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. Benjamin’in projesi, analog bilgisayarlar\u0131n hava kuvvetlerinin gelecekteki pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Benjamin, daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir girdi ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funa karar verdi ve “ball tracker” ad\u0131 verilen ayg\u0131t\u0131 bu ama\u00e7la icat etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayg\u0131t\u0131n patenti, 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nd\u0131 ancak \u00fczerinde metal bir top bulunan ve iki adet tekerlek \u00fczerinde hareket eden prototip bir cihaz yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu cihaz, bir ordu s\u0131rr\u0131 olarak tutuldu ve halk ile payla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer benzer bir ayg\u0131t, \u0130ngiliz bir elektrik m\u00fchendisi olan Kenyon Taylor taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. Taylor, bu icad\u0131 i\u00e7in Ton Cranston ve Fred Longstaff ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanada Kraliyet Deniz Kuvvetleri’nin DATAR (Dijital Otomatik \u0130zleme ve \u00c7\u00f6zme) sistemi \u00fczerinde Ferranti Canada b\u00fcnyesinde g\u00f6revliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DATAR, Benjamin’in g\u00f6sterge paneli ile benzerlik g\u00f6steriyordu. \u0130zleme topu, hareketi alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt adet disk kulland\u0131. Bu disklerin ikisi X ve di\u011fer ikisi de Y y\u00f6nelimlerini takip ediyordu. Top d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, alg\u0131 diskleri d\u00f6ner ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda aletin d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunan y\u00fczeye dokunarak, hareketin y\u00f6nelimini aktar\u0131rd\u0131. Dijital bir bilgisayar, bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri sayar ve ard\u0131ndan sonucu, ayn\u0131 ekipteki di\u011fer gemiler ile radyo sinyalleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile payla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu ordu eylemlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, Stanford Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde g\u00f6revli olan Douglas Engelbart<\/strong>, ilk fare prototipini 1964<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda Bill English ile birlikte yapt\u0131. Ekip, bu alete fare ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi zira aletin arka ucundan \u00e7\u0131kan kablo, bir farenin kuyru\u011funu and\u0131r\u0131yordu. Engelbart bu bulu\u015fu i\u00e7in telif hakk\u0131 talep etmedi zira Stanford Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, bu bulu\u015funun patentine sahipti. Bilgisayar faresinin icad\u0131, asl\u0131nda yine ona ait olan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir projenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Engelbart’\u0131n sistemine benzer ancak v\u00fccudun di\u011fer hareketlerini takip eden di\u011fer baz\u0131 prototipler de \u00fcretildi ancak bilgisayar faresi bu s\u00fcreci kazand\u0131 zira \u00fcretilen di\u011fer aletlere k\u0131yasla fare, en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay kullan\u0131labilen aletti. \u0130lk bilgisayar faresi, birbirine dikey bir \u015fekilde konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki adet disk i\u00e7eriyordu. Her bir diskin hareketi, bir eksen \u00fczerindeki y\u00f6nelimi belirliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 Ekim 1968’de, Engelbart’\u0131n kendisine ait olan farenin tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 9 Aral\u0131k 1968 tarihinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, Almanca “d\u00f6nen top” anlam\u0131na gelen Rollkugel, Alman Telefunken \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi ve duyurusu yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fczere Rollkugel, Engelbart’\u0131n faresinin aksine bir top bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. ve bu alet, daha \u00f6nce u\u00e7ak radar kontrol masalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ve \u00fczerinde yine bir top bar\u0131nd\u0131ran benzer bir aletten esinlenilerek icat edilmi\u015fti. Bu alet, 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rainer Mallebrein \u00f6nderli\u011findeki bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bireysel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen ilk bilgisayar faresi Xerox Alto oldu. 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen bu fare, fare kullanan bilgisayarlar\u0131n atas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilir. Ki\u015fisel bilgisayar ile birlikte sat\u0131\u015fa sunulan ilk bilgisayar sistemi, Xerox 8010 Star Information System oldu. Bu sistem, 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1982 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Xerox 8010, muhtemelen en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan bilgisayar faresi oldu ve yak\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclecek olan Apple Lisa’n\u0131n da bu fareyi kullanaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylentileri yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. The Mouse House \u015firketinden Jack Hawley, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015firketinden bir al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, kendilerinin laboratuvar faresi satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannetti\u011fini belirtti. Xerox i\u00e7in fare \u00fcretimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Hawley, bilgisayar faresi pazar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisine ait oldu\u011funu belirtti. Hawley’nin faresi o d\u00f6nemde 415 dolara sat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Microsoft o y\u0131l, MS-DOS \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Microsoft Word yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 fare ile uyumlu hale getirdi ve bunun \u00fczerine PC ile uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk bilgisayar faresini \u00fcretti. Fare, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve bu sayede Microsoft Donan\u0131m \u015firketinin de ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen fare kullan\u0131m\u0131, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen Macintosh 128K’ya kadar yayg\u0131nla\u015fmad\u0131. Bu bilgisayar, Lisa Faresi’nin yenilenen bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen Atari ST de, farenin pop\u00fclerli\u011finin artmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilgisayarlarda\u00a0fare\u00a0(ya da \u0130ngilizce ad\u0131yla\u00a0mouse), bir y\u00fczey \u00fczerindeki iki boyutlu hareketi alg\u0131layabilen bir g\u00f6sterme ayg\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Bu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nmousun hikayesi - Zeka K\u00fcp\u00fc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zekikaan.yuksekbilgili.com\/?p=236\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"mousun hikayesi - Zeka K\u00fcp\u00fc\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bilgisayarlarda\u00a0fare\u00a0(ya da \u0130ngilizce ad\u0131yla\u00a0mouse), bir y\u00fczey \u00fczerindeki iki boyutlu hareketi alg\u0131layabilen bir g\u00f6sterme ayg\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. 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