{"id":302,"date":"2021-08-02T09:27:44","date_gmt":"2021-08-02T09:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zekikaan.yuksekbilgili.com\/?p=302"},"modified":"2021-08-02T09:27:47","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T09:27:47","slug":"tv-kumandasini-kim-icat-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zekikaan.yuksekbilgili.com\/?p=302","title":{"rendered":"TV kumandas\u0131n\u0131 kim icat etti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

973 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen ilk uzaktan kumandalar, ultrasonik (ses \u00f6tesi) tonlar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Uzaktan kumanda kodu ve bu nedenle de uzaktan kumandan\u0131n kendisi genellikle her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Bu uzaktan kumandalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra evrensel uzaktan kumanda ad\u0131 verilen ve bilinen pek \u00e7ok markaya ait \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzaktan kumandalar\u0131n\u0131 taklit edebilerek tek bir uzaktan kumanda ile birden fazla cihaz\u0131n kontrol edilebilmesini sa\u011flayan kumandalar da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En erken uzaktan kumanda \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak Nikola Tesla<\/strong>‘n\u0131n 1898<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi, radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan uzaktan kumanda g\u00f6sterilir.Tesla, patent ba\u015fvurusunda bu aleti, “Hareket Halindeki bir Arac\u0131n ya da Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n Kontrol Mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir Aparat Y\u00f6ntemi” olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tesla, 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda radyo dalgalar\u0131 ile kontrol edilebilen bir botu, Madison Square Garden’da halka a\u00e7\u0131k olarak d\u00fczenlenen elektrik fuar\u0131nda tan\u0131tt\u0131. Tesla, bu botu “teleotomasyon” olarak isimlendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Telekino ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Paris Bilim Akademisi’nde tan\u0131tt\u0131. Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda icad\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir \u00f6n bilgi veren Quevedo, daha sonra bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara g\u00f6sterdi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn patentini Fransa, \u0130spanya, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Birle\u015fik Devletler’de \u00fczerine ald\u0131.Telekino, elektromanyetik dalgalar taraf\u0131ndan aktar\u0131lan komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir robottan olu\u015fuyordu. Telekino sayesinde Torres-Quevedo, modern kablosuz uzaktan kumanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma prensiplerinin de temelini atm\u0131\u015f oldu ve uzaktan kumanda alan\u0131n\u0131n lideri haline geldi. 1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kral’\u0131n ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n huzurunda Torres, Bilbao Liman\u0131’nda d\u00fczenledi\u011fi g\u00f6sterisinde k\u0131y\u0131da yer alan bir botu uzaktan kontrol ederek denize \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Torres, her ne kadar Telekino’yu patlay\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde de kullanmay\u0131 denemek istese de, bu iste\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek madd\u00ee deste\u011fi bulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzaktan kumanda ile kontrol edilen ilk model u\u00e7ak, 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6klere y\u00fckseldi. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda uzaktan kumanda teknolojisinin olas\u0131 asker\u00ee kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde pek \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan birinin sonucunda Alman Wasserfall f\u00fczesi icat edilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1930lar\u0131n sonuna gelindi\u011finde bir dizi radyo \u00fcreticisi, baz\u0131 pahal\u0131 modellerine uzaktan kumanda d\u00e2hil etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu kumandalar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu radyonun kendisine bir kablo ile ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ancak 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda icat edilen Philco Mystery Control (Philco Gizem Kontr\u00f4l\u00fc) ad\u0131 verilen bir ara\u00e7, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 radyo sinyallerini iletebilen ve pil ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir vericiydi ve bu sayede t\u00fcketicilere y\u00f6nelik olarak piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ilk kablosuz uzaktan kumanda olma \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fczerine alm\u0131\u015f oldu. Titre\u015fim-sayar mod\u00fclasyonunu kullanan bu uzaktan kumanda, ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk dijital kablosuz uzaktan kumanda olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine de sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Televizyonu kontr\u00f4l edebilmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen ilk uzaktan kumanda, Zenith Radio Corporation taraf\u0131ndan 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda icat edildi. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye Tembel Kemikler olarak da \u00e7evirebilece\u011fimiz Lazy Bones ad\u0131ndaki bu \u00fcr\u00fcn, televizyona bir kablo ile ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Flashmatic ad\u0131ndaki ilk kablosuz uzaktan kumanda ise 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda Eugene Polley taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Bu kumanda, bir fotoelektrik h\u00fccresi \u00fczerine bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u00fczmesi g\u00f6ndererek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu ancak bu h\u00fccre, kumandadan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131k ile civardaki di\u011fer \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131ndan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rt edebilecek kapasitede de\u011fildi. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Flashmatic’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in onun al\u0131c\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde do\u011frultulmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Robert Adler, “Zenith Space Command” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi kablosuz uzaktan kumanday\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Dijital olmayan bu uzaktan kumanda, ultrasound (ses \u00f6tesi) kullan\u0131yor ve bu sayede televizyon kanal\u0131n\u0131n ve ses seviyesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 kumanda \u00fczerindeki bir d\u00fc\u011fmeye bast\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kumanda bir t\u0131klama sesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Kumanda \u00fczerindeki her bir d\u00fc\u011fme farkl\u0131 bir tonda t\u0131klama sesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor ve televizyon i\u00e7erisindeki devreler de bu sesleri alg\u0131layabiliyordu. Transist\u00f6r\u00fcn icad\u0131 ile birlikte insan kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n duyabilece\u011fi en \u00fcst seviyede ya da ondan biraz daha y\u00fcksek olan ancak k\u00f6peklerin duyabilece\u011fi bir frekans \u00fczerinde elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 titre\u015fimleri ile beslenen piezoelektrik kristaller i\u00e7eren daha ucuz uzaktan kumandalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le geldi. Al\u0131c\u0131 \u00fczerindeki devrelere ba\u011fl\u0131 durumda bulunan bir mikrofon, vericinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 frekanstaki sesleri alg\u0131layacak \u015fekilde ayarlan\u0131yord\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu y\u00f6ntemin de baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 mevcuttu. Bazen verici, do\u011fal olarak olu\u015fan y\u00fcksek frekanstaki sesleri alg\u0131layarak sanki o sesin vericiden geldi\u011fini zannederek i\u015flem yapabiliyordu. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 insanlar, ses \u00f6tesi sinyalleri duyabiliyorlard\u0131. Hatta o d\u00f6nemde kullan\u0131lan oyuncak bir ksilofonun kanallar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebildi\u011fi z\u00eer\u00e2 bu oyunca\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 seslerin frekans\u0131n\u0131n, uzaktan kumandan\u0131n ses \u00f6tesi frekans\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha karma\u015f\u0131k televizyon uzaktan kumandalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi ise 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda BBC’nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi Ceefax teletext servisinin duyurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zland\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen pek \u00e7ok tic\u00e2r\u00ee uzaktan kumanda \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00f6zellik bulunuyordu. Hatta baz\u0131 uzaktan kumandalar o kadar basitti ki, tek yapabildikleri \u015fey bir sonraki kanala ge\u00e7mek, bir \u00f6nceki kanala ge\u00e7mek ve sesi a\u00e7\u0131p kapatmakt\u0131. Bu tip uzaktan kumandalar teletext ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131 zira teletext \u00fczerinde sayfalar, \u00fc\u00e7 haneli numaralar kullan\u0131larak eri\u015filebiliyordu. Bir uzaktan kumandan\u0131n teletekst \u00fczerindeki sayfalar\u0131 se\u00e7ebilmesi i\u00e7in kumanda \u00fczerinde 0’dan 9’a kadar olan numaralar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra metinden televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131 na ge\u00e7mek, sesi a\u00e7\u0131p kapatmak, kanal de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, parlakl\u0131k ayarlar\u0131, renk derinli\u011fi vb di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerin de yer almas\u0131 gerekiyordu. \u0130lk teletext sistemleri, sayfalar\u0131n se\u00e7ilebilmesi i\u00e7in kablolu uzaktan kumandalar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar ancak uzaktan kumandan\u0131n teletext \u00fczerinde s\u00fcrekli olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, kablosuz bir uzaktan kumanda ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine BBC m\u00fchendisleri, bir ya da iki televizyon \u00fcreticisi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1977-1978 y\u0131llar\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi kontrol edebilen ilk televizyon uzaktan kumanda prototipi \u00fcretildi. ITT, BBC’nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015firketlerden birisiydi. \u015eirket, daha sonra k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi ileti\u015fimde kullan\u0131lan ITT protokol\u00fcne de ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanadal\u0131 bir \u015firket olan ve Paul Hrivnak taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Viewstar, Inc., bir kablolu TV d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi uzaktan kumanda ile \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dcr\u00fcn, Philips taraf\u0131ndan ortalama 190 Kanada Dolar\u0131 fiyatla piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. O zamanlarda en pop\u00fcler uzaktan kumanda, General Instruments’in bir birimi olan Starcom of Jerrold idi. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn, 40-kHz ses kullanarak kanallar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebiliyordu. Viewstar d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr s\u00fcr\u00fclmez k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede pop\u00fcler oldu. Bir milyonuncu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc 21 Mart 1985’te sat\u0131l\u0131rken 1989’a gelindi\u011finde 1.6 milyon adet d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 televizyon \u00fcreticileri, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi yerine Bluetooth kullanarak, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi televizyon kumandalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0televizyonun\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olma zorunlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

973 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen ilk uzaktan kumandalar, ultrasonik (ses \u00f6tesi) tonlar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Uzaktan kumanda kodu ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTV kumandas\u0131n\u0131 kim icat etti - Zeka K\u00fcp\u00fc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zekikaan.yuksekbilgili.com\/?p=302\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TV kumandas\u0131n\u0131 kim icat etti - Zeka K\u00fcp\u00fc\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"973 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen ilk uzaktan kumandalar, ultrasonik (ses \u00f6tesi) tonlar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. 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